Foreword Robert D. Ballard Preface Guide to the Encyclopedia View Sample Chapters! Introduction Haraldur Sigurdsson The History of Volcanology Haraldur Sigurdsson Part I: Introduction Mantle of the Earth Raymond Jeanloz Melting the Mantle Paul D. Asimow Migration of Melt Martha J. Daines Plate Tectonics and Volcanism Michael R. Perfit and Jon P. Davidson Composition of Magmas Nicholas W. Rogers and Chris J. Hawkesworth Volatiles in Magmas Paul J. Wallace and Alfred T. Anderson Physical Properties of Magmas Frank J. Spera Magma Chambers Bruce D. Marsh Rates of Magma Ascent Malcolm J. Rutherford and James E. Gardner Plumbing Systems Charles R. Carrigan Magma Ascent at Shallow Levels Claude Jaupart Part II: Eruption Earth's Volcanoes and Eruptions: An Overview Tom Simkin and Lee Siebert Sizes of Volcanic Eruptions David M. Pyle Volcanic Episodes and Rates of Volcanism Haraldur Sigurdsson Part III: Effusive Volcanism Basaltic Volcanoes and Volcanic Systems George P.L. Walker Lava Flows and Flow Fields Christopher R.J. Kilburn Lava Domes and Coulees Jonathan H. Fink and Steven W. Anderson Lava Fountains and Their Products John A. Wolff and Janet M. Sumner Basaltic Volcanic Fields Charles B. Connor and F. Mike Conway Flood Basalt Provinces Peter R. Hooper Submarine Lavas and Hyaloclastite Rodey Batiza and James D. L. White Seamounts and Island Building Ralf Schmidt and Hans-Ulrich Schmincke Subglacial Eruptions John L. Smellie Part IV: Explosive Volcanism Magmatic Fragmentation Katherine V. Cashman, Brad Sturtevant, Paolo Papale, Oded Navon Phreatomagmatic Fragmentation Meghan M. Morrisey, Bernd Zimanowski, Kenneth Wohletz, Ralf Buettner Hawaiian and Strombolian Eruptions Sylvie Vergniolle and Margaret Mangan Vulcanian Eruptions Meghan M. Morrissey and Larry G. Mastin Plinian and Subplinian Eruptions Raffaello Cioni, Paola Marianelli, Roberto Santacroce, Allesandro Sbrana Surtseyan and Related Phreatomagmatic Eruptions James D. L. White and Bruce F. Houghton Phreatoplinian Eruptions Bruce F. Houghton, Colin J. N. Wilson, Richard T. Smith, Jennie S. Gilbert Volcanic Plumes Steven N. Carey and Marcus I. Bursik Pyroclast Transport and Deposition Colin J. N. Wilson and Bruce F. Houghton Pyroclastic Fall Deposits Bruce F. Houghton, Colin J. N. Wilson, David M. Pyle Pyroclastic Surges and Blasts Greg A. Valentine and Richard V. Fisher Ignimbrites and Block-and-Ash Flow Deposits Armin Freundt, Colin J. N. Wilson, Steven N. Carey Lahars James W. Vallance Debris Avalanches Tadahide Ui, Shinji Takarada, Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto Volcaniclastic Sedimentation Around Island Arcs Steven N. Carey Calderas Peter W. Lipman Composite Volcanoes Jon P. Davidson and Shan Da Silva Scoria Cones and Tuff Rings Dirk Vespermann and Hans Ulrich Schmincke Part V: Extraterrestrial Volcanism Volcanism on the Moon Paul D. Spudis Volcanism on Io Rosaly Lopes-Gautier Volcanism on Venus Larry S. Crumpler and Jayne Aubele Volcanism on Mars James R. Zimbelman Cryovolcanism in the Outer Solar System Paul Geissler Part VI: Volcano Interactions Volcanic Gases Pierre Delmelle and John Stix Geothermal Systems Fraser Goff and Cathy J. Janik Surface Manifestations of Geothermal Systems Manfred P. Hochstein and Patrick R. L. Browne Deep Ocean Hydrothermal Vents David Butterfield Volcanic Lakes Pierre Delmelle and Alain Bernard Mineral Deposits Associated with Volcanism Noel C. White and Richard J. Harrington Part VII: Volcanic Hazards Volcanic Ash Hazards to Aviation Thomas P. Miller and Thomas J. Casadevall Volcanic Aerosol and Global Atmospheric Effects Mike J. Mills Hazards from Pyroclastic Flows and Surges Setsuya Nakada Lava Flow Hazards Donald W. Peterson and Robert I. Tilling Lahar and Jökulhlaup Hazards Kelvin S. Rodolfo Hazards of Volcanic Gases Hazel Rymer and Glyn Williams-Jones Volcanic Tsunamis James E. Begét Volcanic Seismicity Stephen R. McNutt Impacts of Eruptions on Human Health Peter J. Baxter Volcanic Contributions to the Carbon and Sulfur Geochemical Cycles and Global Change Michael A. Arthur The Ecology of Volcanoes: Recovery and Reassembly of Living Communities Ian W. B. Thornton Volcanism and Biotic Extinctions Michael R. Rampino and Stephen Self Part VIII: Eruption Response and Mitigation Seismic Monitoring Stephen R. McNutt Ground Deformation, Gravity and Magnetics John B. Murray, Corinne A. Locke, Hazel Rymer Gas, Plume, and Thermal Monitoring John Stix and Hélène Gaonach Synthesis of Volcano Monitoring Stephen R. McNutt, John Stix, Hazel Rymer Volcano Warnings Christopher G. Newhall Volcanic Crises Management Servando de la Crùz-Reyna, Roberto Meli, Roberto Quaas Volcanic Hazards and Risk Management Russell Blong Risk Education and Intervention David Johnston and Kevin Ronan Part IX: Economic Benefits and Cultural Aspects of Volcanism Exploitation of Geothermal Resources Stefán Arnórsson Volcanic Soils Chien-Lu Ping Volcanic Materials in Commerce and Industry Jonathan Dehn and Stephen R. McNutt Volcanoes and Tourism Haraldur Sigurdsson and Rosaly Lopes-Gautier Archaeology and Volcanism Stephen L. Harris Volcanoes in Art Haraldur Sigurdsson Volcanoes in Literature and Film Haraldur Sigurdsson and Rosaly Lopes-Gautier Appendix I: Units and Dimensions Appendix II: Volcanoes of the Earth Reviewers Index |