/*****************************
nee companion2col_all_041212.css  -- plus styles.css from - http://store.elsevier.com/ui/css/styles.css
nee companion2col_june2012_plus_styles_a.css
2013-11-22 JWS	added minimal display styles
2014-02-18 JWS	added sup, sub, .sm, table.sm td, .footnote, .note, .btn*
2014-09-05 JWS	added input[email]
2014-11-10 JWS	added a.btn_ rules
2015-04-07 JWS	added rules for book.dtd content
2015-05-19 JWS	added IC toolbar colors
2015-12-15 JWS	added rtmp_player rules for FP6
2017-01-10 JWS	added Zoomify styling
2017-01-27 JWS	booksite calls are now protocol agnostic; some Elsevier.com components
2017-03-31 JWS	expandoNav added from HHS.css
2017-05-05 JWS	Elsevier.com rebranding
2017-07-21 JWS	switched Elsevier wordmark to Non Solus
2020-10-08 JWS	OneTrust Cookie Preferences button
2022-03-11 JWS	GEMP; cleanup
2022-07-19 JWS	outnoauth loginForm/registerForm layout
*****************************/

/*from styles.css*/
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, strong, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, sub, sup, tt, var, u, i, bold, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, embed,
figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup,
menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    /*font-size: 100%;*/
	font-size: 1em;
    font: inherit;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}


/***** start fonts *****/
/* relative locations: http://design.elsevier.com/static/styleguide/fonts/NexusSansPro-Regular.woff */
/* using woff from elsevier.com design */
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSans';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Regular.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Regular.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Regular.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Regular.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Regular.svg#NexusSansPro-Regular") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexussanswebpro.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: normal;
}
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSans';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Italic.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Italic.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Italic.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Italic.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Italic.svg#NexusSansPro-Italic") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexussanswebpro-italic.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: normal;
}
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSans';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Bold.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Bold.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Bold.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Bold.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-Bold.svg#NexusSansPro-Bold") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexussanswebpro-bold.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: 700;
}
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSans';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-BoldItalic.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-BoldItalic.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-BoldItalic.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-BoldItalic.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSansPro-BoldItalic.svg#NexusSansPro-BoldItalic") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexussanswebpro-bolditalic.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: 700;
}
@font-face{
	font-family: 'NexusSans SC';
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexussansscwebpro.woff') format('woff');
	font-variant:small-caps;
}
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSerif';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro.svg#NexusSerifWebPro") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexusserifwebpro.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: normal;
}
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSerif';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Italic.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Italic.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Italic.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Italic.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Italic.svg#NexusSerifWebPro-Italic") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexusserifwebpro-italic.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: normal;
}
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSerif';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.svg#NexusSerifWebPro-Bold") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexusserifwebpro-bold.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: normal;
	font-weight: 700;
}
@font-face {
	font-family: 'NexusSerif';
	/*src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.eot");
	src: url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.woff") format("woff"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.ttf") format("truetype"), url("../fonts/NexusSerifWebPro-Bold.svg#NexusSerifWebPro-Bold") format("svg");*/
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexusserifwebpro-bolditalic.woff') format('woff');
	font-style: italic;
	font-weight: 700;
}
@font-face{
	font-family: 'NexusSerif SC';
	src: url('https://cdn.elsevier.io/verona/includes/webfonts/nexusserifscwebpro.woff') format('woff');
	font-variant:small-caps;
}
/***** end fonts *****/


/* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section {
    display: block;
}
body {
   /* line-height: 1.11em;*/
	line-height: 1.166em;
}

blockquote, q {
	quotes: none;
}
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after {
	content: '';
	content: none;
}


/*General*/
html, body {
    background-color:#fff;
    font-family: NexusSans,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
    color:#505050;
	/*font-size: 1em;
    line-height:15px;
    margin:0px;
    padding:0px;*/
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
}
/* these need to be reset to sans used on body */
p.product, .upsell, #yoxview, .cookies button#ot-sdk-btn {
	font-family: NexusSans,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
}
body { /*needed for fixed-width centering - text-align: center - Do NOT change this*/
	text-align: center;
}

/* reset removed these */
em {
	font-style:italic;
}
strong {
	font-weight:bold;
}
sup {
	vertical-align:super;
}
sub {
	vertical-align:sub;
}
sup, sub, .sm, table.sm td, .footnote, .note {
	font-size:60%;
}

.left { float: left !important; }
.right { float: right !important; }
.nofloat { float: none !important; }
.bold {font-weight: bold !important;}
.notbold {font-weight: normal !important;}
.nomargin { margin:0  !important}
.nopadding { padding:0  !important}
.noborder { border:0  !important}
.nobackground { background:none !important }
.nominheight { min-height:0 !important; }
.uppercase { text-transform:uppercase !important; }
.underline { text-decoration:underline !important; }
.relative {	position:relative !important; }
.center { text-align:center !important; }
.blue { color:#22426b !important; }
.darkgrey { color:#333 !important; }
.grey { color:#999 !important; }
.mediumgrey { color:#666 !important; }
.black { color:#000 !important; }
.hidden { display: none !important; }

ul, ol { padding-left: 16px; }
ul.bulletlist {
	list-style:square;
}
ol.nrlist {
	list-style:decimal;
	padding-left:19px;
}

a, .content a, .cookies button#ot-sdk-btn {
	color:#007398;	/* STORE: 104284 */
	text-decoration:none;
}
a:hover, a:focus, .content a:hover, .content a:focus, .cookies button#ot-sdk-btn:hover, .cookies button#ot-sdk-btn:focus {
	color:#009ece;	/* STORE: 165bb3 */
	text-decoration:underline;
}
a.nounderline:hover {
	text-decoration:none;
}
:focus {
	outline: 0;
}
.cookies button#ot-sdk-btn, .cookies button#ot-sdk-btn:hover, .cookies button#ot-sdk-btn:focus {
	border:none;
	padding:0px;
	background-color:inherit;
	font-size:inherit;
	line-height:inherit;

}
/*end from styles.css*/

/*****/
#wrapper { /*needed for fixed-width centering*/
	position: relative;
	/*bg_innercontainer.png*/ /*this fills in the footer image - don't ask me why*/
	padding-bottom:25%; /* scrolls bottom of content to middle of screen */
}
.headerWrapper {
	background: url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjFweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNTdweCI+PHBhdGggZD0iTTAgMzcgViAxMDIgSCAxIFYgMzcgSCAwIiBmaWxsPSIjZTk3MTFjIi8+PC9zdmc+') top left 1px repeat-x scroll border-box #ffffff; /* global_content/content/bg_header_2x157.svg*/
	padding:0px;

}
/*.dottedline {
    background-color:#e5e5e5;
    height:1px;
    line-height:1px;
    border:0;
    clear:both;
    margin:0;
}
.dottedline {
    background:url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/store_companion/ui/images/bg_line_dotted.gif') repeat-x;
    height:2px;
}*/
/***/
/*h1, h2, h3, h4 {
    color:#192432;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}
h1,
.h1 {
    font-size:30px;
    line-height:30px;
}
h2,
.h2 {
    font-size:22px;
    line-height:22px;
}
h3,
.h3 {
    font-size:16px;
    line-height:16px;
}
h4,
.h4 {
    font-size:14px;
    font-weight:bold;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}*/
/***** header *****/
header {
	font-family: NexusSans,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
}
#header {
	margin-top: 0px;
	margin: 0px auto 0px auto;
	width: 1020px;
	height: 155px;
}
/***login -- logout***/
#details {
	font-size:10px;
}
#userStatus {
border:thick;
}
#loginBar {
	margin-top: 0px;
	height: 37px;  /*30px*/
	background-color: #fff;
}
span.login_left {
	float: left;
	margin: 5px 10px 0px 15px;
	padding: 5px 2px 5px 2px;
	font-size: .78em; /*.90em - .68em*/
	font-weight: lighter;
}
span.login_right {
	font-size: .78em; /*.90em - .68em*/
	font-weight: normal;
	position: relative;
	float: right;
	margin: 5px 15px 0px 15px;
	padding: 5px 2px 5px 2px;
}
#loginBar a {
	padding: 4px 5px 3px 4px;
	font-weight: lighter;
}

.loginForm {
	display:none;
	z-index:20;
	position: absolute;
	border:solid 2px #4d4d4d;
	padding: 23px 30px 19px;
	background-color:#ffffff;
	/*right:-157px;
	top: 18px;
	width: 360px;*/
}
.PersonForm input[type='submit'] {
	min-width:46px;
	padding:3px 9px 2px;
	border:0px;
	color:#ffffff;
	background-color:#007398;
	font-size:.95em;
	font-weight:bold;
}
.PersonForm input[type='submit']:hover, .PersonForm input[type='submit']:focus {
	cursor:pointer;
	background-color:#e9711c;
}

.username .forgot, .password .forgot {
	background-color:#c83727;
}
/*do not display register link because this is a combined log in/register form */
.content #loginForm .PersonForm a {
	display:none;
}
/*****/
#top_wrapper {  /*imprint logo - companion materials - author: title*/
	clear:both;
	position: relative;
	background-color: #f4f4f4;
}
#imprint_logo {
	float: left;
	margin-left: 0;
	width:205px;
	padding: 2px 0px;
}
.elsevier { /*elsevier tree logo*/
	margin-left: 5px;
}

header #imprint_logo a {
	position:relative;
	display:inline-block;
	top:4px;
}

header #imprint_logo svg {
	width:50px;
	height:55px;
}

header #imprint_logo path, header #imprint_logo polyline {
	fill:#ffffff;
}
#companion_head {  /*COMPANION MATERIALS*/
	float: left;
	width: 815px;
	height: 65px;
}
h2.companion_materials { /*COMPANION MATERIALS*/
	font-size: 1.92em; /* match 71px - companion materials*/
	font-weight:lighter;
	text-align: left;
	margin-left: 10px;
	padding-top: 26px; /* positioning */
	padding-bottom: 2px;
	color: #ffffff;
	text-transform:uppercase;
}
/***/
#author_title {
	float: left;
	width: 100%;
	height: 49px; /*50px*/
	text-align:left;

}
#header h1 { /*author:title*/
	font-size: 1.40em; /*1.25em -- adjust this size if the title is too long - try 1.22em or 1.16em or 1.12em*/
	text-align: left;
	margin-left: 10px;
	margin-top: 15px; /*20px*/
	margin-bottom: -15px;
	width:945px; /* makes space to right for addthis */
	color: #e9711c; /* same color as h1 a */
}
#author_title h1 a {
	color: #e9711c; /* same color as h1, hiding link */
	text-decoration:none;
}
/*social media icons*/
.addthis_button {
	float:right;
	margin-top: -7px;
	margin-right: 25px;
}
/***** end header *****/

#contentWrapper {
	/* float: left; removed when recentering */
	margin: 0px auto 0px auto;
	width: 1020px; /*width: 100%; either one works*/
	overflow: hidden; /*hides the sidebar bottom padding*/
	background: url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/store_companion/graphics/template_background1020white.gif') repeat-y; /* creates border between .navigation and .content */
}
/***** start navigation *****/
.navigation {  /*leftSidebar*/
	clear: both;
	float: left;
	width: 205px;
	padding: 0px 0px 500px 0px;
	margin-bottom: -500px;
	text-align:left;
}
/***accordion menu***/
#firstpane.menu_list {
	margin-top: 10px;
	margin-bottom: 2em;
}
.menu_list {
	width: 205px;
}
.menu_head, .menu_item {
	padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px;
	margin: 1px 1px 3px 1px;
	cursor: pointer;
	position: relative;
	font-size: .75em;
	font-weight:normal;
	background: #fff url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/accordion_menu/left.png') center right no-repeat;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #aeaeae;
}
.menu_head.open {
	background-image: url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/accordion_menu/down.png');
}
.menu_head .index {
	margin-left:0.25em;
	font-size:125%;
	font-weight:bold;
}
.menu_item {
	background:inherit;
}
.menu_body {
	display:none;
}
.menu_body a {
	display:block;
	color:#414141;
	background-color:#f7f7f7;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #aeaeae;
	font-weight:normal;
	text-decoration:none;
	text-align: left;
	font-size: .75em;
	padding: 5px 5px 5px 16px;
}
.menu_body a:hover, .menu_body a:focus {
	color: #414141;
	text-decoration:underline;
}
/*****/
/***** end navigation *****/
/***** start content *****/
.content {
	float: left;
	padding: 5px 0px 20px 0px;
	width: 815px; /*815 no border*/
	font-family:NexusSerif,Georgia,serif;
}
.content > * {
	margin-left:20px;
}
.content * {
	text-align:left;
}

.home_left { /*home - welcome text - cover image*/
	float: left;
	width: 604px; /* 605 remain, but home_right wraps beneath at that amount */
	margin-top:10px;
}
.home_right { /*home - promo items*/
	float: left;
	width: 170px; /*172 (no border) should be 175 - wassup i.e.*/
	padding: 10px 0px 500px 0px;
	margin-bottom: -500px;
	border-left: 1px dotted #edecec;
}
.content h2.pagetitle {  /*page title*/
	font-size: 1.10em;
	font-weight: normal;
	text-align: left;
	margin-top: 10px;
	margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.welcome { /*home page - Welcome*/
	text-align: left;
}
p.product { /*cover image */
	position:relative;
	float: left;
	width: 165px;
	max-width: 170px;
	margin-left:20px;
	margin-bottom:1em;
	padding: 5px 0px 10px 0px;
	text-align:center;
}
/*TC added Jan 2013 per task #12438 - change the "Buy this book" link to a button*/
p.product a.buybutton { /*Buy this book*/
	width: 100px;
	padding: 3px; /*3px 5px 3px 5px*/
	margin: 0 auto;
	color: #fff;
	background-color: #232323;
	display:block;
	font-size: .9em;
	font-weight: normal;
	text-decoration: none;
	text-align: center;
}
p.product a.buybutton:hover, p.product a.buybutton:focus {
	color: #fff;
	background-color: #009ece; /*link hover color from store template*/
}
/*end TC added Jan 2013 per task #12438 - change the "Buy this book" link to a button*/
span.author { /*author photo */
	position:relative;
	float:right;
	width: 165px;
	max-width: 175px;
	padding: 0px 15px 10px 0px;
	text-align:center;
}

ol, ol.alldecimal ol {
	list-style-type:decimal;
}

ol ol {
	list-style-type:lower-alpha;
}

ol ol ol {
	list-style-type:upper-roman;
}

ol ol ol ol {
	list-style-type:lower-roman;
}

ul, ul ol ul, ul ul ol ul, ul ul ul ul {
	list-style-type:square;
	color: #666;
}

* html ul {
	font-size: .9em;
	color: #505050;
}

ul ul, ul ol ul ul, ul ul ol ul ul {
	list-style-type:disc;
}

ul ul ul, ul ol ul ul ul, ul ul ol ul ul ul {
	list-style-type:circle;
}

ul.unbulleted {
	list-style-type:none;
}


ul li {
	font-size: .95em;
	color: #505050;
	margin-left: 25px;
	margin-right: 20px;
}
ul li + li, .expandoNav li + li {
	margin-top: .5em; /*easyread*/
}
dl {
	color: #505050;
	margin-right: 20px;
}
.content dl, .content ol, .content ul{
	margin-top:.5em;
	margin-bottom:.5em;
}
* html dl {
	margin-left: -20px;
}
.content dl dt + dt, .content dl dd + dd {
	margin-top:.5em;
}
dl dd {
	font-size: .95em;
	color: #505050;
	margin-left: 45px;
	margin-bottom:.5em; /*easyread*/
}
ol {
	color: #505050;
}
* html ol {
	font-size: .9em;
	color: #505050;
}
ol li {
	font-size: .95em;
	color: #505050;

	margin-left: 20px;
	margin-right: 20px;
}
ol li + li {
	margin-top: .5em; /*easyread*/
}

/***/
.promo_box { /*promo items*/
	margin-top:5px;
	background-color: #fff;
	padding-bottom: 10px;
}
.promo_box + .promo_box  {
	margin-top:20px;
}
.content h3.promo_head { /*box promo items*/
	margin-top:5px;
	margin-left: 0px;
	font-size: .70em;
	font-weight: bold;
	background:#505050;
	color: #fff;
	text-align: center;
	-webkit-border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px;
	-moz-border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px;
	border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px;
}
.content p.promo_text { /*box promo items*/
	margin-top:3px;
	margin-left:10px;
}
/***/
/*** login form***/
#form_left, .form_left { /*home page - not logged in*/
        float:left;
	margin-top:15px;
        height: 450px;
}
#form_right, .form_right { /*home page - not logged in*/
        float:right;
	margin-top:15px;
        margin-left:1px;
        max-width:60%;
}
.form_block_register {
	float:right;
	max-width:60%;
}
.PersonForm {
	margin-left:15px;
	color: #505050;
}
.PersonForm .row {
	text-align:left;
	margin-bottom: .5em;
}
.PersonForm .heading {
	font-weight:bold;
}
.form_block h4 {
	margin-top:0px;
}
.Required, .content .Required, .content .Required * {
	color: #e9711c;
	font-weight: bold;
}
input, input:required {
	border:solid 1px #505050;
}
.PersonForm label {
	font-size:11px;
	white-space:nowrap;
}
.label {
	font-size: 11px;
	display: block;
}
.field {
	font-size: .9em;
}
.field input[type=email], .field input[type=password], .field input[type=text] {
	width:200px;
	max-width:200px;
}
#login {
	margin-top: 5px;
	margin-left: 6px;
	text-align: left;
}
.small {
	font-size: 9px;
	color: #484848;
}
.caption {
	font-size: .6em;
}
.radio {
	font-size: .65em;
	font-weight: bold;
	color: #505050;
}
.buy {
	margin-left: 20px;
}
/*****/
.content p {
	line-height: 1.166;
	font-size: .95em;
	margin-right:30px;
	padding: 3px 0px 3px 0px;
}
.content p + p {
	margin-top:.9em;
}
.content p.product + p {
	margin-top:0px;
}
/* used only to force a break between stacked content areas, eg, when they come too close to product cover */
.content hr.columnbreaker {
	clear:both;
	visibility:hidden;
	margin:0px;
	padding:0px;
	height:2em;
}
.citation {
	font-size: .825em;
	margin-left: 5px;
 	font-weight: bold;
}
.message { /*your email - your password*/
	color: #ff0000 !important; /*red*/
}
.devNote {
	color: #686868;
}

.content h1, .content h2, .content h3, .content h4, .content h5, .content h6 {
	margin-bottom:6px; /*minimum margin*/
	color: #505050;
	font-weight:bold;
}
.content h1 {
	margin-bottom:15px;
	font-size: 1.40em;
}
.content h2 {
	margin-bottom:12px;
	font-size: 1.10em;
}
.content h3 {
	font-size: 1.05em;
}
.content h4 {
	font-size: .9em;
}
.content h5 {
	font-size: .8em;
}
.content h6 {
	font-size: .7em;
	line-height:1em;
}
/*** jw player ***/
#mediaplayer {
	margin-left: 20px;
}

textarea {
	font:inherit; /* font face was lost somehow */
}

/***table design***/
.content table {
	margin:1em;
	border:solid 1px #969696; /* used as border until tbody supports it */
	border-spacing:0px;
	border-collapse:separate;
}
*:first-child+html .content table { /* IE7 does not support border-spacing */
	border-collapse:collapse;
}
.content table caption {
	text-align:center;
	padding:0px 2em;
	font-weight:bold;
	font-size:85%;
	background-color:#f5f5f5;
}
.content table tbody { /* does not work */
	border:solid 1px #dddddd;
}
.content table tbody + thead, .content table tbody + tbody { /* does not work */
	margin-top:10px;
}
.content tr:hover {
	background-color:#dddddd;
}
.content thead tr:hover, .content tfoot tr:hover {
	background-color:transparent;
}
.content th {
	border-bottom:1px solid #737373;
	white-space:nowrap;
	background-color:#dcdcdc;
}
.content th, .content td {
	padding:2px;
	vertical-align:top;
}
.content thead, .content th, .content tr:hover th {
	font-size:.95em;
	font-weight:bold;
}
.content tr td { /* necessary for hovers to have something to replace */
	border-top:transparent solid 1px;
	border-bottom:transparent solid 1px;
}
.content tr td:first-child {
	border-right:none;
}
.content tr:hover td:first-child {
	/* put a border here if table has none but tr:hover does */
}
.content tr:hover td {
	border-top:solid 1px #969696;
	border-bottom:solid 1px #969696;
}
.content tr:hover td:last-child {
	/* put a border here if table has none but tr:hover does */
}
.content tfoot {
	font-size:85%;
}
.content tfoot td {
	border-top:solid 1px #969696;
	background-color:#f5f5f5;
}

.content table.cookies {
	font-size:75%;
}

.content table.cookies td:first-child {
	white-space:nowrap;
}

.content table.cookies td {
	border-top:solid 1px #969696;
}

.content ol.reference li:target, .content *:target {
	background-color:#ddeeff;
}

.content .revision {
	text-align: right;
	color:#969696;
}

.rtmp_player_425 {
	display:block;
	width:425px;
	height:344px;
	background:url('//booksite.elsevier.com/video_library/images/blank_1x1.png');
}

.gemp_player {
	width:425px;
	height:fit-content;
	overflow:auto;
}
.gemp_player .gemp_viewpane .buttons {
	display:none;
}
.gemp_player .elsevierjsplayer {
	width:inherit;
}
.gemp_player .elsevierjsplayer .able-big-play-button {
  text-align: center;
}


.gemp_player ol li {
	margin-left: 0px;
	margin-right: 0px;
}

.rtmp_player_navigation .navigation {
	width:100%;
}

.rtmp_player_navigation .navigation > li {
	margin-left:0px;
	margin-right:0px;
	min-height:1.5em;
}

/** Zoomify or other zoomable image **/
.figure_zoomable {
	margin:auto;
	border:solid 1px #696969;
	width:810px;
	height:450px;
}

/*** BEGIN styles for book.dtd content ***/
.outline, .nomenclature {
	margin:1em;
	padding:0.5em 1.0em;
	background-color:#f4f4f4;
}
.outline h1, .nomenclature h1 {
	border-bottom:solid 1px #505050;
}

.section h1 {
	color:#ffffff;
	background-color:#505050;
}
.section h1, .section h2 {
	margin-top:1em;
	padding:0.25em;
}
.section h2 {
	border-left:solid 2px #505050;
	background-color:#f4f4f4;
}
.section h3 {
	margin-top:0.5em;
	padding:0.25em;
	border-bottom:solid 1px #505050;
}

.FigureCaption {
	margin:1em;
	border:solid 1px #000000;
	padding:0.5em 1em;
	min-height:170px;
	background-color:#cccccc;
}
.FigureCaption .figure {
	float:right;
	margin-left:10px;
	/* border:solid 1px #969696; applied to img */
	text-align:center;
	background-color:#cccccc;
}
/* applied to image instead of .figure because a 4px padding appeared at bottom and wouldn't go away */
.FigureCaption .figure img {
	border:solid 1px #969696;
}

.FigureCaption .caption {
	font-size: .8em;
}
/* prevents tables from getting too wide */
.fullsize {
	overflow: auto;
	width: 99.6%;
	height: 100%;
}

caption .label {
	display:inline-block;
}

.textbox {
	margin:1em;
	border:solid 1px #000000;
}

.textbox > .label {
	padding:0.5em;
	color:#ffffff;
	font-weight:bold;
	/* background-color:#1f3041; this might be needed as a reset */
}

.textbox-body {
	padding:0.5em 1.0em;
	background-color:#cccccc;
}


.textbox-body .section h1 {
	color:inherit;
	background-color:inherit;
}

.exam {
	margin:1em;
	padding:0.5em 1em;
}

.exam-questions, .exam-answers {
	border:solid 1px #f4f4f4;
}

.exam-questions + .exam-answers {
	margin-top:1em;
}

.exam-questions .section > h1, .exam-answers .section > h1  {
	margin-top:0px;
}

/*** END styles for book.dtd content ***/


/* BEGIN related to expando JavaScript, each level using +/- needs this style; see also easyread */
ul.expandoNav {
  list-style-type:none;
}
ul.expandoNav UL {
  list-style-type:disc;
}
ul.expandoNav ul li, ul.expandoNav ol li { /* overrides easyread-like style below */
  margin-bottom:0em;
}
.expandoNav span.plus, .expandoNav span.minus {
  /*width: 1em; DOESN'T WORK*/
  padding-right: 2px;
}
a.expando { /* removes underline from +/- */
  text-decoration:none;
  color:#0000FF; /* same as A:link above */
}
a.expando span.item { /* adds it back for the text */
  text-decoration:underline;
}
.expandoNav span.minus {
  padding-left: 3px;
}
/* END expandoNav */


/*** image collection ***/
.main_container h1 {
	font-size:1.1em;
}
.main_container h2 {
	font-size:0.95em;
}
.main_container h3 {
	font-size:0.85em;
}
/*** end image collection ***/

/*** toolbar is shared by IC, these styles are extra specific to override imagecollection.css which is written later on page ***/
/* .content targets IC toolbar outside IC.main_container; .main_container is location of IC content */
.main_container .toolbar {
    background-color: #dddddd;
}

.main_container .toolbar a, .content .toolbar a {
    background-color: #007398;
}

.main_container .toolbar a:hover, .main_container .toolbar a:focus, .content .toolbar a:hover, .content .toolbar a:focus {
    background-color:#009ece;
    color: #ffffff;
}
/*** end toolbar ***/

/*****/
/***search highlighting***/
.content .wheat {
	font-weight:bold;
	color:#e9711c;
}

/*****/
/***sitemap elements***/
/* lh would make more sense, but IE...*/
h3 + ol.newnum {
	margin-top:-1em;
}
/* this is used on testversion page which omits root ol */
div.sitemap {
	margin-left:5em;
}
ol.sitemap, ol.newnum {
	list-style:none outside;
}
ol.sitemap ol {
	margin-left:2.5em;
}
.sitemap li {
	clear:both;
}
/* .newnum indentation needs to be wide enough to fit .itemnum */
.newnum li {
	text-indent:-2.25em;
}
div.sitemap .newnum li {
	text-indent:-2.5em;
}
/* .itemnum - .newnum = gutter between the two */
.newnum .itemnum {
	position:relative;
	display:block;
	float:left;
	left:-2.75em;
	margin-right:none;
	text-align:right;

}
/* realigns with other numbers when used outside sitemap */
.newnum {
	margin-left:2em;
}
/* may not be needed to reset previous, but just in case */
div.sitemap .newnum {
	margin-left:inherit;
}
div.sitemap .newnum .itemnum {
	left:-3.25em;
}
/* IE, you so crazy! */
*:first-child+html .newnum li {
	text-indent:-3em;
}
/* IE, you so crazy! */
* html .newnum li {
	text-indent:-3em;
}
/* IE won't float these out without drawing space on same line; width makes hole on page */
*:first-child+html .newnum .itemnum {
	position:static;
	float:none;
	display:inline;
	margin-right:1em;
	width:2em;
}
/* IE won't float these out without drawing space on same line; width makes hole on page */
* html .newnum .itemnum {
	position:static;
	float:none;
	display:inline;
	margin-right:1em;
	width:2em;
}

.sitemap img.cover {
	float:left;
	margin-right:2em;
	margin-bottom:10px;
}

#searchbox:invalid {
	color:#cccccc;
}
#searchbox:invalid:focus {
	color:inherit;
}

/***** end content *****/

/***** start footer styles *****/
footer {
	font-family: NexusSans,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
}
.footer {
	padding:10px 0;
	clear:both;
}
*+html .footer {
	width:100%;
}
.footer .innercontainer {
	width: 1020px;
	margin: 0px auto 0px auto;
	padding: 0 4px;
	padding-left: 40px;
}
.footer .clearline {
	clear:both;
	height:1px;
	line-height:1px;
	font-size:0px;
}
.footer .innercontainer .onecolumn, .footer .innercontainer .twocolumn {
	float: left;
	overflow: visible;
	width:240px; /*200 - 5 column within 1020 width*//*250 - for 4 column*/
	min-height:20px;
	text-align:left;
}
.footer .innercontainer .twocolumn {
	width:510px;
}

.footer .relx-wordmark {
	display:inline-block;
	width:120px;
}


.footer dl {
	padding:0;
	position:relative;
	margin-top: 5px;
	margin-left:10px; /*-10px*/
}
.footer dd {
	position:relative;
	z-index: 1;
	text-align: left;
	font-size: .78em;
	font-weight: normal;
	text-decoration:none;
	margin-left:-2px;
	margin-bottom:0px; /* resets value from main page */
}
.footer h4 {  /*footer column heads*/
	font-size: .75em;  /*12px*/
	font-weight:bold;
	text-align: left;
	padding-top:0px;
	margin-top: 0px;
	margin-left:7px; /*30px*/
	margin-bottom: 14px;
	color:#333;
}
.footer a, .footer .cookies button#ot-sdk-btn {
	line-height: 20px;
	font-weight: lighter;
}

.footer a.box {
	color:#333333;
	text-decoration:none;
}

.footer .social-share .svg-icon-social {
	display:inline-block;
	float:left;
	width:35px;
	height:35px;
}

.footer .svg-icon-social {
	fill:#007398;
}

.footer .svg-icon-social:hover {
	color:#dcdcdc;
	text-decoration:underline;
	border-bottom:solid 1px #dcdcdc;
}

#yoxview, #terms_conditions li, #privacy_policy li, #cookie_policy li, #terms_conditions p, #privacy_policy p, #cookie_policy p {
	color:inherit; /* reset to body */
}

#terms_conditions h1, #privacy_policy h1, #cookie_policy h1, #terms_conditions h2, #privacy_policy h2, #cookie_policy h2, #cookie_policy table.cookies td {
	border-color:#ebebeb;
}

#terms_conditions h1, #privacy_policy h1, #cookie_policy h1 {
	border-color:#b9b9b9;
	background-color:#dcdcdc;
}

#cookie_policy table.cookies th {
	border-color:#dcdcdc;
	border-bottom-color:#737373;
	background-color:#dcdcdc;
}

#terms_conditions p.revision, #privacy_policy p.revision, #cookie_policy p.revision {
	color:#b9b9b9;
}

.subfooter_box {
	position:absolute;
	display:none;
	bottom: -22px;
	width: 245px;
	left: 107px !important;
	z-index:11;
}
.subfooter_boxNew {
	left: 300px !important;
	z-index:9 !important;
}
.subfooter_top {
    height: 10px;
    background:url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/store_companion/ui/images/bg_footer_subnav_top.png') no-repeat;
    line-height:10px;
}
.subfooter_main {
    padding:5px 3px 0px 22px;
    background:url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/store_companion/ui/images/bg_footer_subnav.png') bottom no-repeat;
}
.subfooter_main dl {
    padding-bottom: 20px;
}
.subfooter_main a {
	display:block;
	padding: 2px 5px 2px 15px;
}
.subfooter_main b {
    padding: 0 5px 0 15px;
}
/* Added for font of submenu */
.subfooter_main dl dd a {
	font-size:12px !important;
	line-height:20px;
}
.lightbox, .editboard_box, .helpbox {
    background: url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/store_companion/ui/images/bg_lightbox.png') no-repeat scroll 0 0 transparent;
    height: 468px;
    left: 50%;
    margin: -250px 0 0 -308px;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 48px 8px 0 9px;
    position: fixed;
    top: 50%;
    width: 630px;
    z-index: 10;
}
.helpbox {
    background: transparent url('//booksite.elsevier.com/global_content/store_companion/ui/images/bg_lightbox_large.png') no-repeat;
	width:760px;
    margin-left: -373px;
}
.editboard_box {
	display:none;
}
.lightbox .btn_close,
.editboard_box .btn_close,
.helpbox .btn_close {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 10;
    right: 28px;
    top: 20px;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    background-color: transparent;
}
.viewerCanvas {
    width:  630px;
    height: 430px;
}
.viewerHelpbox {
    width:  760px;
    height: 445px;
}

.content .btn_enable, .content .btn_disabled {
	-webkit-border-radius: 5px;
	-moz-border-radius: 5px;
	border-radius: 5px;
	display:inline-block;
	text-align:center;
	font-size:14px;
	font-weight:normal;
	padding:5px 20px 5px 20px;
}

a.btn_enable, .btn_enable a, a.btn_disabled, .btn_disabled a {
	text-decoration:none;
}

.btn_enable {
	background-color:#505050;
	cursor:pointer;
}
a.btn_enable, .btn_enable a, a.btn_enable:hover, .btn_enable a:hover, a.btn_enable:focus, .btn_enable a:focus {
	color:#f4f4f4;
}
.btn_enable:hover, .btn_enable:focus {
	background-color:#009ece;
}

.btn_disabled {
	background-color:#dfdfdf;
	cursor:default;
}

a.btn_disabled, .btn_disabled a, a.btn_disabled:hover, .btn_disabled a:hover, a.btn_disabled:focus, .btn_disabled a:focus {
	color:#007398;
}

.editboard_inner {
	padding: 15px 20px;
	height: 430px;
	overflow:auto;
}
.editboard_inner h2 {
	margin-bottom: 20px 0 3px 0;
}
.editboard_inner h4 {
	margin: 20px 0 5px 0;
}
.editboard_inner h5 {
	font-weight:bold;
}
.editboard_inner p {
	margin-bottom:5px;
}
/***/
.footer .globalnav {
	border-top:solid 1px #dcdcdc;
	padding-top:1em;
	padding-bottom:1em;
}

.footer .legal {
	border-top:solid 1px #e9811c;
	padding-top:1em;
	font-size:.75em;
}

.footer .legal p {
	margin-right:5px;
	text-align:left;
}

.footer .legal p + p {
	margin-top:1em;
}

.footer .legal a + a {
	margin-left:2em;
}

.footer .legal a.footer_logo {
	margin-left:42px;
}

.copyright { /*bottom blue bar*/
	text-align: left;
	padding:12px 0 5px 0;
}
p.copy {
	margin: 0px auto;
	text-align: left;
}
.copyright a {
	text-align: left;
}
.copyright a hover {
	text-align: left;
	text-decoration:underline;
}
.my_footer {
	margin:0px auto;
	width: 1020px;
	height:60px;
	background-color: #fff;
	text-align: left;
}
.footer_logo {
	display:inline-block;
	margin-top: 10px;
	margin-left:10px;
}
.elsevier-nonsolus.footer_logo svg {
	width:80px;
	height:88px;
}

/***** end footer *****/

/*** BEGIN minimal display (stripped-down template for ebook and mobile use) ***/
/* link to TOC */
.sitemap_link {
	display:none;
}
body.minimal .sitemap_link {
	display:block;
	position:absolute;
	top:2px;
	right:0px;
	margin-right:2em;
	font-size:70%;
}
body.minimal .sitemap_link a {
	border:solid 1px #505050;
	padding: 3px 5px;
	color:#ffffff;
	background-color:#505050;
}
body.minimal .sitemap_link a:hover, body.minimal .sitemap_link a:focus {
	color:#009ece;
	background-color:#ffffff;
	text-decoration:none;
	border-top-color:#009ece;
	border-left-color:#009ece;
}

/* removes unnnecessary blocks */
body.minimal .login_left, body.minimal #imprint_logo, body.minimal #companion_head, body.minimal .addthis_button, body.minimal .navigation, body.minimal .footer, body.minimal .my_footer .footer_logo {
	display:none;
}
body.minimal #wrapper {
	padding-bottom:0px;
}
body.minimal #header, body.minimal .headerWrapper, body.minimal #author_title, body.minimal #author_title h1, body.minimal #contentWrapper, body.minimal .content, body.minimal #footer {
	width:100%;
	height:auto;
}
body.minimal .headerWrapper {
	position:absolute;
	background:none;
	background-color:#e9711c;
}
body.minimal .headerWrapper, body.minimal #contentWrapper {
	clear:both;
}
body.minimal #loginBar {
	float:right;
	height:auto;
}
body.minimal #top_wrapper {
	position:static;
	float:left;
	clear:none;
	background-color:inherit;
}
body.minimal #author_title {
	float:none;
	background-color:inherit;
}
body.minimal #author_title h1 {
	margin:0px;
	color:inherit;
}
body.minimal #author_title h1 a {
	color:#ffffff;
}
body.minimal span.login_right {
	padding:0px;
}
body.minimal #author_title h1, body.minimal h2.pagetitle {
	line-height:inherit;
}
body.minimal .content {
	padding-top:0px;
}
body.minimal #contentWrapper, body.minimal p.copy, body.minimal .my_footer {
	margin:0px;
}
/* this is moved downward so it does not render behind .headerWrapper */
body.minimal #contentWrapper {
	position:relative;
	top:25px;
	margin-bottom:25px;
	background-image:none;
}
body.minimal h2.pagetitle {
	margin-top:0px;
	margin-bottom:0px;
	font-size:0.9em;
	font-weight:bold;
}
body.minimal #footer {
	position:absolute;
	background-color:#ffffff;
}
body.minimal #footer a {
	color:#333333;
}
body.minimal .copyright {
	float:left;
	clear:none;
}
body.minimal p.copy, body.minimal .my_footer {
	width:auto;
	height:auto;
	background-color:inherit;
}
body.minimal .copyright, body.minimal p.copy {
	border-bottom:none;
	padding:0px;
	background-color:inherit;
}
body.minimal .my_footer {
	float:right;
	clear:none;
}
body.minimal p.cookies {
	float:none;
	margin-top:0px;
	color:#ffffff;
	text-align:left;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
	body.minimal {
		padding:0px;
	}
	body.minimal #loginBar {
		position:absolute;
		right:0px;
	}
	body.minimal #top_wrapper {
		position:static;
	}
	body.minimal #author_title {
		white-space:nowrap;
		font-size:0.8em;
	}
}
/*** END minimal display ***/